Published On 10/11/2025
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Last update: 21:32 (Mecca time)
Some people think that programming languages are limited and few, but the truth may be much further than that, as the Encyclopedia of Historical Programming Languages includes more than 9 thousand different languages.
These various languages differ in many ways. Some work through the use of graphics and colors, while others rely on a random and unorganized writing mechanism.
Among these languages, we have chosen for you 5 unknown and unique languages, which are as follows:
1- Lisp language
The Lisp programming language is the second oldest programming language used in the world to date. It appeared for the first time in 1960 and has been in use ever since.
The name of the language refers to its working mechanism, as it is an abbreviation for the concept of processing and dealing with lists. It replaces the various parentheses within the programming sentences with connected lists that include the programming sentences in their correct order.
The LISP language has many different capabilities and commands that can be used in various aspects, and it does not differentiate between commands and the data in it.
The language also has a clear and extended impact in the world of programming, as a group of different languages were born from it, including Arc, which is used to manage websites, or even EMACS Lisp, which was used to develop a text editor of the same name in Linux.
2- Prolog language
Programming experts describe this language as the primary kernel for artificial intelligenceIt relies mainly on logical programming mechanisms, which is why it is given this name.
The difference in this language is simply that it relies on a syntactic description and the logic behind the function, rather than its implementation mechanism.
Prolog then implements the required function in whatever form it can do. This approach allows for a different type of programming, as it focuses on logic and natural language rather than on algorithms and control flows.
3- Befunge language
Beifong is a vivid example of an extinct programming language that focuses more on the aesthetic appearance of written commands rather than whether they are practical or not.
Therefore, using this language represents a challenge even for the most powerful programmers in the world, as it requires creative thinking combined with logical thinking in order to apply and write codes.
The source code of this language is different from any other language, as the codes of this language can be described as two-dimensional, and they are written in two-dimensional form.
Instead of the language focusing on where your command is in the table, it divides the code into a set of levels and focuses on where the code is at that level.
The language includes 26 different commands covering all arithmetic operations, control flows, input and output, stack manipulation, and single data structures.
Some believe that the emergence of graphical programming languages that can be used for training and teaching programming is due mainly to the Beifong language.
4- Peit language
The “Piet” language borrowed its basic idea from the paintings of the abstract artist Piet Mondrian, who became famous in the 20th century, and it uses squares of primary colors mixed together to form the final code.
It is considered a language branching from the “Beifong” language, as it depends on the location and size of color in the two-dimensional grid and also focuses on moving between different shades of colors to write different programming commands. It is considered one of the most difficult programming languages to learn.
5- JSF**K language
Experts describe the GSF**K language as the ugliest programming language, but it is not different or alone, as there are many programming languages that rely on ugliness to write their programming commands.
It is also a sub-language of JavaScript, so you can easily run it through any regular internet browser.
In essence, this language is an encoder that turns any program that uses JavaScript into a set of codes that no one can easily understand.